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to travel by steam

Толкование Перевод

1 travel by steam

Общая лексика: путешествовать пароходом

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > travel by steam
2 to travel by steam

braukt ar tvaikoni

English-Latvian dictionary > to travel by steam
3 steam

1. [sti:m] n
1. (водяной) пар

steam generator - парогенератор

steam inhalation - вдыхание паров, ингаляция

dry [wet] steam - сухой [влажный] пар

saturated [superheated] steam - насыщенный [перегретый] пар

at full steam - на полных парах

to blow /to shut, to turn/ off steam - а) спустить пары; б) дать выход своим чувствам или избытку энергии

to get up steam - а) развести пары; б) собраться с силами, набраться решимости

to put on steam - а) поддать пару; б) поторапливаться, прибавить шагу

windows covered with steam - запотевшие окна

2. = steamship

to travel by steam - путешествовать пароходом

3. разг. энергия

under one's own steam - собственными силами, без посторонней помощи

to put new steam into smth. - влить новые силы во что-л.

to keep up a little steam in local industry - поддерживать хоть какую-то жизнь в местной промышленности

to run out of steam - устать, измотаться; быть совершенно без сил

there is a danger of the housing programme running out of steam - есть опасность, что программа жилищного строительства выдохнется /сойдёт на нет/

full steam ahead! - вперёд на всех парах!, полный ход вперёд!
2. [sti:m] a
1) паровой

steam heating - паровое отопление

steam cooking - варка на пару

2) устаревший, допотопный

steam radio - старомодное радио ( в отличие от телевидения)
3. [sti:m] v
1. выделять пар или испарения

his wet clothes began to steam - от его мокрой одежды повалил пар

2. 1) двигаться ( посредством пара)

the train steamed into the station - поезд подошёл к станции

the vessel steamed down the river - судно шло вниз по реке

2) двигаться, идти (о поезде и т. п.; обыкн. steam out, steam across, steam along)

the London express steamed into Newcastle right on time - лондонский экспресс пришёл в Ньюкасл точно по расписанию

ships carrying munitions steamed continuously across the Atlantic - суда, нагружённые военным снаряжением, беспрерывно пересекали Атлантический океан

we arrived on Platform 10 just as Rome train was steaming out - мы прибыли на десятую платформу как раз в тот момент, когда поезд на Рим от неё отходил

3) идти на всех парах, мчаться

he steamed out of the room - он бросился вон из комнаты

3. готовить, варить на пару

4. запотевать, отпотевать (тж. steam up)

the insides of the car windows steamed up - окна автомобиля запотели изнутри

5. разг. развивать бешеную энергию

6. спец.

1) обрабатывать (водяным) паром, парить, пропаривать

to steam open - отклеивать с помощью пара

2) текст. декатировать

3) отпаривать

to steam stamps off their envelopes - отпарить марки от конвертов

7. разг. злиться, кипеть

let him steam! - пусть позлится!

НБАРС > steam
4 steam

[sti:m] 1. noun
1) (a gas or vapour that rises from hot or boiling water or other liquid: Steam rose from the plate of soup / the wet earth in the hot sun; a cloud of steam; ( also adjective) A sauna is a type of steam bath.) para

2) (power or energy obtained from this: The machinery is driven by steam; Diesel fuel has replaced steam on the railways; ( also adjective) steam power, steam engines.) para; paren
2. verb
1) (to give out steam: A kettle was steaming on the stove.) izparevati

2) ((of a ship, train etc) to move by means of steam: The ship steamed across the bay.) premikati se s pomočjo pare

3) (to cook by steam: The pudding should be steamed for four hours.) kuhati v pari

•

- steam-
- steamer
- steamy
- steamboat
- steamship
- steam engine
- steam roller
- full steam ahead
- get steamed up
- get up steam
- let off steam
- run out of steam
- steam up
- under one's own steam
* * *
I [sti:m]
noun

(vodna) para, hlap; sopara; izparina; moč pare; figuratively moč, sila, energija; parnik, vožnja s parnikom

at full steam — s polno paro

steam train — parni vlak

to get one's steam up — lotiti se s polno paro

to get up steam — zakuriti, naložiti (kotel), figuratively zbrati vse svoje moči (energijo)

to keep up steam — vzdrževati paro, biti pod paro

to let off steam — izpustiti paro, odpreti ventile, figuratively dati duška svojim čustvom, jezi itd.

to put the steam on figuratively potruditi se

to travel by steam — potovati s parnikom
II [sti:m]
transitive verb

izpostaviti (kaj) delovanju pare, pariti, kuhati v pari; premikati, voziti (kaj) s pomočjo pare; oskrbeti s paro; colloquially razburiti (koga), razjeziti; intransitive verb izpuščati paro, delati paro; izparevati, pariti se, kaditi se; gibati se s pomočjo pare; voziti se s parnikom

steaming hot — vroč, da se kar kadi

the horses were steaming — od konj se je kar kadilo

English-Slovenian dictionary > steam
5 steam

1. n

1) (водяна) пара

superheated steam — перегріта пара

to get up steam — розвести пару; перен. зібратися з силами; набратися рішучості

to blow (to shut, to turn) off steam — випустити пару; перен. дати волю почуттям

2) випар

windows covered with steam — запітнілі вікна

3) парова страва

4) пароплав

to travel by steam — подорожувати на пароплаві

full steam ahead! — уперед на всіх парах!

steam generator — паровий котел

steam inhalation — інгаляція; вдихання пари

steam separator — тех. паровіддільник, конденсаційний горщик

steam table — марміт (стіл для зберігання їжі гарячою)

2. v

1) виділяти пару (випари)

2) рухатися за допомогою пари; іти під парами

3) готувати (варити) на парі

4) пітніти, запітніти

5) розм. розвивати велику енергію

6) обробляти водяною парою; парити; випарювати; пропарювати

7) текст. декатирувати

steam ahead — просуватися уперед; перен. розвивати шалену енергію

steam away — википати; зникати з очей

* * *
I [stiːm] n
1) ( водяна) пара

2) = steamship

3) енергія

under one's own steam — власними силами, без сторонньої допомоги

to run out of steam — втомитися, виснажитися
II [stiːm] a
паровий

steam heating — парове опалення; застарілий, допотопний
III [stiːm] v
1) виділяти пар або випари

2) рухатися ( за допомогою пари); рухатися, іти (про поїзд; steam out, steam across, steam along); іти на всіх парах, мчати

3) готувати, варити на пару

4) запотівати ( steam up)

5) розвивати шалену енергію

6) cпeц. обробляти ( водяною) парою, пропарювати; тeкcт. декатирувати; відпарювати

7) злитися, кипіти

English-Ukrainian dictionary > steam
6 steam

sti:m
1. сущ.
1) пар;
выпаривание, испарение to emit steam ≈ выпускать пар to let/blow off steam ≈ выпустить пары;
перен. дать выход своим чувствам to produce steam ≈ генерировать пар steam condenses ≈ пар конденсируется live steam saturated steam wet steam Syn: evaporation, vapor
2) разг. энтузиазм, энергия, "жар"
2. прил. паровой steam autoclave ≈ паровой стерилизатор, автоклав
3. гл.
1) а) выпускать пар;
парить, подниматься в виде пара б) варить на пару, парить, выпаривать Syn: boil в) запотевать, отпотевать (тж. steam over/up) The windows have steamed over, and I can't see out. ≈ Ничего не видно: окна запотели.
2) а) двигаться посредством пара;
прям. перен. идти под парами б) разг. развивать большую энергию, 'жарить' ∙ steam away steam up (водяной) пар - * generator парогенератор - * inhalation вдыхание паров, ингаляция - dry * сухой пар - saturated * насыщенный пар - at full * на полных парах - to blow /to shut, to turn/ off * спустить пары;
дать выход своим чувствам или избытку энергии - to get up * развести пары;
собраться с силами, набраться решимости - to put on * поддать пару;
поторапливаться, прибавить шагу - windows covered with * запотевшие окна пароход, паровое судно - to travel by * путешествовать пароходом (разговорное) энергия - under one's own * собственными силами, без посторонней помощи - to put new * into smth. влить новые силы во что-л. - to keep up a little * in local industry поддерживать хоть какую-то жизнь в местной промышленности - to run out of * устать, измотаться;
быть совершенно без сил - there is a danger of the housing programme running out of * есть опасность, что программа жилищного строительства выдохнется /сойдет на нет/ - full * ahead! вперед на всех парах!, полный ход вперед! паровой - * heating паровое отопление - * cooking варка на пару устаревший, допотопный - * radio старомодное радио (в отличие от телевидения) выделять пар или испарения - his wet clothes began to * от его мокрой одежды повалил пар двигаться (посредством пара) - the train *ed into the station поезд подошел к станции - the vessel *ed down the river судно шло вниз по реке двигаться, идти (о поезде и т. п.;
обыкн. * out, * across, * along) - the London express *ed into Newcastle right on time лондонский экспресс пришел в Ньюкасл точно по расписанию - ships carrying munitions *ed continuously across the Atlantic суда, нагруженные военным снаряжением, беспрерывно пересекали Атлантический океан - we arrived on Platform 10 just as Rome train was *ing out мы прибыли на десятую платформу как раз в тот момент, когда поезд на Рим от нее отходил идти на всех парах, мчаться - he *ed out of the room он бросился вон из комнаты готовить, варить на пару запотевать, отпотевать (тж. * up) - the insides of the car windows *ed up окна автомобиля запотели изнутри( разговорное) развивать бешеную энергию (специальное) обрабатывать( водяным) паром, парить, пропаривать - to * open отклеивать с помощью пара (специальное) (текстильное) декатировать( специальное) отпаривать - to * stamps off their envelopes отпарить марки от конвертов (разговорное) злиться, кипеть - let him *! пусть позлится! ~ пар;
live (saturated, wet) steam острый (насыщенный, влажный) пар;
full steam ahead! вперед на всех парах! to get up ~ равести пары;
перен. собраться с силами;
развить энергию to let (или to blow) off ~ выпустить пары;
перен. дать выход своим чувствам;
to put on steam подбавить пару;
перен. поторапливаться ~ пар;
live (saturated, wet) steam острый (насыщенный, влажный) пар;
full steam ahead! вперед на всех парах! to let (или to blow) off ~ выпустить пары;
перен. дать выход своим чувствам;
to put on steam подбавить пару;
перен. поторапливаться steam варить на пару ~ выпускать пар ~ двигаться посредством пара;
идти под парами ~ запотевать, отпотевать ~ испарение ~ пар;
live (saturated, wet) steam острый (насыщенный, влажный) пар;
full steam ahead! вперед на всех парах! ~ паровой ~ подвергать действию пара;
парить;
выпаривать;
to steam open отклеивать с помощью пара;
steam away выкипать ~ подниматься в виде пара ~ разг. развивать большую энергию, "жарить" ~ разг. энтузиазм;
энергия ~ подвергать действию пара;
парить;
выпаривать;
to steam open отклеивать с помощью пара;
steam away выкипать ~ подвергать действию пара;
парить;
выпаривать;
to steam open отклеивать с помощью пара;
steam away выкипать

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > steam
7 steam

s para; isparivanje; snaga pare; [fig] snaga, sila /to get up = ložiti; [fig] sakupiti sve snage; [tech] to put on # pustiti paru, dati paru; [tech] to let off # ispustiti paru; [fig] dati oduška osjećajima; [mar] to travel by # voziti se parobrodom; full # ahead! = punom parom naprijed!; out of # bez energije, bez snage, bez tempa, bez zamaha; under one's own # vlastitim snagama

* * *

energija
isparavanje
kretati se
kuhati
para
pariti se
parni
pramÄana statva
snaga

English-Croatian dictionary > steam
8 blow off steam

( blow (let или work) off steam)

отвести душу, дать выход чувствам или избытку энергии [букв. выпустить пары]

He was by nature secretive and had been repressed too much and too early to be capable of railing and blowing off steam where his father was concerned. (S. Butler, ‘The Way of All Flesh’, ch. XII) — Теобальд был скрытным по природе, его слишком подавляли с самого юного возраста, и он не был способен ни браниться, ни давать выход своим чувствам, когда дело касалось отца.

‘But some of you who made money in the early days, squandered it,’ Sally murmured. ‘Course, we did,’ Dinny cried, ‘It was lust the crazy way we let off steam.’ (K. S. Prichard, ‘The Roaring Nineties’, ch. 71) — - А сколько старателей заработали кучу денег на первых заявках и тут же спустили все до последнего пенса, - проговорила Салли. - Ну еще бы! - воскликнул Динни. - Душа-то воли просит! Ну и сходили с ума кто как умел.

Take it easy, Max!.. Turn on the safety valve. Blow off some steam! There's a long road to travel and we don't want you cracking up on us! (M. West, ‘The Ambassador’, ch. X) — Полегче, Макс, полегче!.. Откройте предохранительный клапан, выпустите немножко пара! Впереди еще долгий путь, и мы вовсе не желаем, чтобы вы вдруг развалились на куски.

Large English-Russian phrasebook > blow off steam
9 drive

1. noun
1) Fahrt, die

a nine-hour drive, a drive of nine hours — eine neunstündige Autofahrt

have a long drive to work — eine lange Anfahrt zur Arbeit haben

2) (street) Straße, die

3) (private road) Zufahrt, die; (entrance to large building) Auffahrt, die

4) (energy to achieve) Tatkraft, die

5) (Commerc., Polit., etc.): (vigorous campaign) Aktion, die; Kampagne, die

export/sales/recruiting drive — Export- / Verkaufs- / Anwerbekampagne, die

6) (Psych.) Trieb, der

7) (Motor Veh.): (position of steering wheel)

left-hand/right-hand drive — Links-/Rechtssteuerung od. -lenkung, die

be left-hand drive — Linkssteuerung haben

8) (Motor Veh., Mech. Engin.): (transmission of power) Antrieb, der

front-wheel/rear-wheel drive — Front-/Heckantrieb, der
2. transitive verb,
drove, driven

1) fahren [Auto, Lkw, Route, Strecke, Fahrgast]; lenken [Kutsche, Streitwagen]; treiben [Tier]

2) (as job)

drive a lorry/train — Lkw-Fahrer/Lokomotivführer sein

3) (compel to move) vertreiben

drive somebody out of or from a place/country — jemanden von einem Ort/aus einem Land vertreiben

4) (chase, urge on) treiben [Vieh, Wild]

5) (fig.)

drive somebody to something — jemanden zu etwas treiben

drive somebody out of his mind or wits — jemanden in den Wahnsinn treiben

6) [Wind, Wasser:] treiben

be driven off course — abgetrieben werden

7) (cause to penetrate)

drive something into something — etwas in etwas (Akk.) treiben

8) (power) antreiben [Mühle, Maschine]

be steam-driven or driven by steam — dampfgetrieben sein

9) (incite to action) antreiben

drive oneself [too] hard — sich [zu sehr] schinden
3. intransitive verb,
drove, driven

1) fahren

in Great Britain we drive on the left — bei uns in Großbritannien ist Linksverkehr

drive at 30 m.p.h. — mit 50 km/h fahren

learn to drive — [Auto]fahren lernen; den Führerschein machen (ugs.)

can you drive? — kannst du Auto fahren?

2) (go by car) mit dem [eigenen] Auto fahren

3) [Hagelkörner, Wellen:] schlagen

clouds were driving across the sky — Wolken jagten über den Himmel

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/86427/drive_at">drive at

- drive away

- drive back

- drive off

- drive on

- drive out

- drive up

* * *
1. past tense - drove; verb
1) (to control or guide (a car etc): Do you want to drive (the car), or shall I?) fahren

2) (to take, bring etc in a car: My mother is driving me to the airport.) fahren

3) (to force or urge along: Two men and a dog were driving a herd of cattle across the road.) treiben

4) (to hit hard: He drove a nail into the door; He drove a golf-ball from the tee.) schlagen

5) (to cause to work by providing the necessary power: This mill is driven by water.) betreiben
2. noun
1) (a journey in a car, especially for pleasure: We decided to go for a drive.) die Fahrt

2) (a private road leading from a gate to a house etc: The drive is lined with trees.) die Auffahrt

3) (energy and enthusiasm: I think he has the drive needed for this job.) die Tatkraft

4) (a special effort: We're having a drive to save electricity.) der Antrieb

5) (in sport, a hard stroke (with a golf-club, a cricket bat etc).) der Stoß

6) ((computers) a disk drive.)

•

- driver
- driver's license
- drive-in
- drive-through
- driving licence
- be driving at
- drive off
- drive on
* * *

drive

[draɪv]

I. n

1. (trip) Fahrt f

to go for a \drive eine Spazierfahrt machen, spazieren fahren

let's go for a \drive in the new car lass uns eine Spritztour mit dem neuen Wagen machen fam

to go for a \drive to the mountains/seaside in die Berge/ans Meer fahren

to take sb [out] for [or on] a \drive mit jdm eine Spazierfahrt machen [o spazieren fahren]

shall I take you for a \drive to the seaside? wollen wir ans Meer fahren?

2. no pl (distance) Fahrt f

it is a 20-mile/20-minute \drive to the airport der Flughafen ist 30 Kilometer/20 Minuten [Autofahrt] entfernt, zum Flughafen sind es [mit dem Auto] 30 Kilometer/20 Minuten

a day's \drive eine Tagesfahrt

to be an hour's \drive away/within an hour's \drive eine/keine Autostunde entfernt sein

to be an hour's \drive from/within an hours' \drive of sth eine/keine Autostunde von etw dat entfernt sein

3. (road, street) [Fahr]straße f; (lane) [Fahr]weg m; (approaching road) Zufahrt f; (car entrance) Einfahrt f; (to a large building) Auffahrt f

4. no pl AUTO, TECH (transmission) Antrieb m

all-wheel \drive Allradantrieb m

front-wheel \drive Vorderradantrieb m, Frontantrieb m

5. no pl (steering)

left-/right-hand \drive Links-/Rechtssteuerung f

6. no pl (energy) Tatkraft f, Energie f; (élan, vigour) Schwung m, Elan m, Drive m; (motivation) Tatendrang m; (persistence) Biss m fam

she lacks \drive es fehlt ihr an Elan

we need a manager with \drive wir brauchen einen tatkräftigen [o dynamischen] Manager

to have [no] \drive [keinen] Schwung [o Elan] haben

he has the \drive to succeed er hat den nötigen Biss, um es zu schaffen fam

7. no pl PSYCH Trieb m

sex \drive Geschlechtstrieb m, Sexualtrieb m, Libido f fachspr

8. (campaign) Aktion f, Kampagne f

economy \drive Sparmaßnahmen pl

to be on an economy \drive Sparmaßnahmen durchführen

fund-raising \drive Spenden[sammel]aktion f

to organize a \drive to collect money eine Sammelaktion organisieren

recruitment \drive Anwerbungskampagne f

membership [recruitment] \drive Mitgliederwerbeaktion f, Mitglieder-Anwerbungskampagne f

9. SPORT (in golf, tennis) Treibschlag m BRD, ÖSTERR fachspr, Drive m fachspr; (in badminton) Treibball m BRD, ÖSTERR fachspr

10. COMPUT Laufwerk nt

disk \drive Diskettenlaufwerk nt

CD-ROM \drive CD-ROM-Laufwerk nt

hard \drive Festplatte f

11. AGR (of animals) Treiben nt kein pl

cattle \drive Viehtrieb m

II. vt

<drove, -n>

1. (steer, control)

▪ to \drive sth etw fahren

to \drive a racing car einen Rennwagen steuern

to \drive a bus/coach einen Bus lenken; (as a job) Busfahrer(in) m(f) sein

2. (transport)

▪ to \drive sb jdn fahren

to \drive sb home/to school jdn nach Hause/zur Schule fahren

3. (force onward[s])

▪ to \drive sb/an animal jdn/ein Tier antreiben; ( fig)

to \drive oneself too hard sich dat zu viel zumuten

4. (force, make go)

▪ to \drive sb/sth against/into sth jdn/etw gegen/in etw akk treiben

the rain was \driven against the windows by the wind der Wind peitschte den Regen gegen die Fenster

the wind drove the snow into my face der Wind wehte mir den Schnee ins Gesicht

the storm threatened to \drive us against the cliffs der Sturm drohte uns gegen die Klippen zu schleudern

▪ to \drive an animal into/out of sth ein Tier in etw akk /aus etw dat heraus treiben

▪ to \drive sb/an animal to sth jdn/ein Tier zu etw dat treiben

to \drive sb to the border/woods jdn zur Grenze/in den Wald treiben

5. (expel)

to \drive sb from [or out of] sth jdn aus etw dat vertreiben [o verjagen]

to be \driven from [or out of] the city/country aus der Stadt/dem Land vertrieben werden

to \drive sb from [or out of] the house jdn aus dem Haus jagen

6. (compel)

▪ to \drive sb/sth jdn/etw treiben

he was \driven by greed Gier bestimmte sein Handeln

the government has \driven the economy into deep recession die Regierung hat die Wirtschaft in eine tiefe Rezession gestürzt

the scandal drove the minister out of office der Skandal zwang den Minister zur Amtsniederlegung

banning boxing would \drive the sport underground ein Verbot des Boxsports würde dazu führen, dass dieser Sport heimlich weiterbetrieben wird

to \drive sb to despair jdn zur Verzweiflung treiben

to \drive sb to drink jdn zum Trinker werden lassen

to \drive sb to suicide jdn in den Selbstmord treiben

▪ to \drive sb to do sth jdn dazu treiben [o bewegen] [o bringen], etw zu tun

it was the arguments that drove her to leave home wegen all der Streitereien verließ sie schließlich ihr Zuhause

7. (render)

to \drive sb mad [or crazy] [or insane] ( fam) jdn zum Wahnsinn treiben, jdn wahnsinnig [o verrückt] machen fam

it's driving me mad! das macht mich noch wahnsinnig! fam

to \drive an animal wild ein Tier wild machen

to \drive sb wild (crazy, angry) jdn wahnsinnig machen fam; (aroused) jdn heißmachen sl

8. (hit into place)

▪ to \drive sth between/into/through sth etw zwischen/in/durch etw akk schlagen [o treiben]

to \drive a post into the ground einen Pfosten in den Boden rammen

9. (power)

▪ to \drive sth engine etw antreiben; COMPUT interface etw treiben [o steuern]

steam-\driven dampfbetrieben, dampfangetrieben

10. (in golf)

to \drive a ball einen Ball treiben [o fachspr driven

11.

▶ to \drive a coach and horses through sth ( fam) etw auseinandernehmen fig fam

▶ to \drive a hard bargain hart verhandeln

you really want £2,000 for that? you certainly \drive a hard bargain! Sie wollen tatsächlich 2.000 Pfund dafür? das ist ja wohl total überzogen! fam

▶ to \drive one's message [or point] home seinen Standpunkt klarmachen

▶ to \drive a wedge between two people einen Keil zwischen zwei Menschen treiben

III. vi

<drove, -n>

1. (steer vehicle) fahren

can you \drive? kannst du Auto fahren?

can you \drive home? kannst du nach Hause fahren?

who was driving at the time of the accident? wer saß zur Zeit des Unfalls am Steuer?

to learn to \drive [Auto] fahren lernen, den Führerschein [o SCHWEIZ Fahrausweis] machen

2. (move) fahren; (travel) mit dem Auto fahren

are you going by train? — no, I'm driving fahren Sie mit dem Zug? — nein, mit dem Auto

to \drive on/past weiter-/vorbeifahren

3. (function) fahren, laufen

4. rain, snow peitschen; clouds jagen

the rain was driving down der Regen peitschte herab

the snow was driving into my face der Schnee peitschte mir ins Gesicht

the clouds were driving across the sky die Wolken jagten vorbei [o über den Himmel]

* * *
[draɪv] vb: pret drove, ptp driven
1. n

1) (AUT: journey) (Auto)fahrt f

to go for a drive — ein bisschen (raus)fahren

to go for a drive to the coast — ans Meer fahren

he took her for a drive in his new car — er machte mit ihr eine Spazierfahrt in seinem neuen Auto

it's about one hour's drive from London — es ist etwa eine Stunde Fahrt von London (entfernt)

2) (into house) Einfahrt f; (longer) Auffahrt f, Zufahrt f

3) (GOLF, TENNIS) Treibschlag m

4) (PSYCH ETC) Trieb m

sex drive — Geschlechts- or Sexualtrieb m

5) (= energy) Schwung m, Elan m, Tatendrang m

you're losing your drive —

he has no drive — er hat keinen Elan or Schwung

6) (COMM, POL ETC) Aktion f

this is part of a drive to attract new members — das ist Teil einer Mitgliederwerbeaktion

recruitment drive — Anwerbungskampagne f

fundraising drive — Sammelaktion f

the drive toward(s) democracy — die starke Entwicklung zur Demokratie hin

See:

→ export

7) (MIL: offensive) kraftvolle Offensive

8) (MECH: power transmission) Antrieb m

front-wheel/rear-wheel drive — Vorderrad-/Hinterradantrieb m

9) (AUT) Steuerung f

left-hand drive — Linkssteuerung f

10)

See:

→ whist

11) (COMPUT) Laufwerk nt

2. vt

1) (= cause to move) people, animals, dust, clouds etc treiben

to drive sb out of the country — jdn aus dem Land ( ver)treiben

to drive a nail/stake into sth — einen Nagel/Pfahl in etw (acc) treiben

the gale drove the ship off course — der Sturm trieb das Schiff vom Kurs ab

2) cart, car, train fahren

he drives a taxi (for a living) — er ist Taxifahrer, er fährt Taxi (inf)

3) (= convey in vehicle) person fahren

I'll drive you home —

could you drive us there? — können Sie uns dahin fahren?

4) (= provide power for, operate) motor (belt, shaft) antreiben; (electricity, fuel) betreiben; (COMPUT) steuern

a car driven by electricity — ein Auto nt mit Elektroantrieb

5) (TENNIS, GOLF) ball driven (spec)

to drive the ball — einen Treibball spielen

6) (= cause to be in a state or to become) treiben

or mad — jdn verrückt machen

to drive sb to murder —

I was driven to it — ich wurde dazu getrieben

who/what drove you to do that? — wer/was trieb or brachte Sie dazu(, das zu tun)?

7) (= force to work hard) person hart herannehmen, schinden (pej)

he drives himself very hard — er fordert sich selbst sehr stark

8) tunnel treiben; well ausheben; nail schlagen

3. vi

1) (= travel in vehicle) fahren

can you or do you drive? — fahren Sie Auto?

he's learning to drive — er lernt Auto fahren

to drive at 50 km an hour —

to drive on the right — rechts fahren

did you come by train? – no, we drove — sind Sie mit der Bahn gekommen? – nein, wir sind mit dem Auto gefahren

it's cheaper to drive — mit dem Auto ist es billiger

driving while intoxicated (US) — Fahren nt in betrunkenem Zustand, Trunkenheit f am Steuer

2) (= move violently) schlagen, peitschen

the rain was driving into our faces — der Regen peitschte uns (dat) ins Gesicht

* * *

drive [draıv]

A s

1. Fahrt f, besonders Ausfahrt f, Spazierfahrt f, Ausflug m:

take a drive, go for a drive → drive out A 2;

the drive back die Rückfahrt;

an hour’s drive away eine Autostunde entfernt

2. a) Treiben n (von Vieh, Holz etc)

b) Zusammentreiben n (von Vieh)

c) zusammengetriebene Tiere pl

3. JAGD Treibjagd f

4. besonders Tennis, Golf: Drive m, Treibschlag m

5. MIL Vorstoß m (auch fig)

6. fig Kampagne f, (besonders Werbe) Feldzug m, (besonders Sammel) Aktion f

7. fig Schwung m, Elan m, Dynamik f

8. fig Druck m:

I’m in such a drive that … ich stehe so sehr unter Druck, dass …

9. a) Tendenz f, Neigung f ( auch PSYCH)

b) PSYCH Trieb m: → sexual

10. a) Fahrstraße f, -weg m

b) (private) Auffahrt (zu einer Villa etc)

c) Zufahrtsstraße f, -weg m

11. a) TECH Antrieb m

b) COMPUT Laufwerk n

12. AUTO (Links- etc) Steuerung

B v/t prät drove [drəʊv], obs drave [dreıv], pperf driven [ˈdrıvn]

1. (vorwärts)treiben, antreiben:

drive all before one fig jeden Widerstand überwinden, unaufhaltsam sein

2. fig treiben:

drive sb to death (suicide) jemanden in den Tod (zum oder in den Selbstmord) treiben; → bend A 1, corner A 3, crazy 1, desperation 1, mad A 1, wall Bes Redew, wild A 9

3. einen Nagel etc treiben, schlagen, einen Pfahl rammen ( alle:

into in akk):

drive sth into sb fig jemandem etwas einbläuen; → home C 3, wedge A 1

4. (zur Arbeit) antreiben, hetzen:

drive sb hard

a) jemanden schinden,

b) jemanden in die Enge treiben

5. jemanden veranlassen (to, into zu; to do zu tun), bringen (to, into zu), dazu bringen oder treiben ( to do zu tun):

be driven by hunger vom Hunger getrieben werden

6. jemanden nötigen, zwingen ( beide:

to, into zu;

to do zu tun)

7. zusammentreiben

8. vertreiben, verjagen ( beide:

from von)

9. JAGD treiben, hetzen, jagen

10. ein Auto etc lenken, steuern, fahren:

drive one’s own car seinen eigenen Wagen fahren

11. (im Auto etc) fahren, befördern, bringen ( alle:

to nach)

12. TECH (an)treiben:

driven by steam mit Dampf betrieben, mit Dampfantrieb

13. zielbewusst durchführen:

drive a good bargain ein Geschäft zu einem vorteilhaften Abschluss bringen;

drive a hard bargain

a) hart verhandeln,

b) überzogene Forderungen stellen;

he drives a hard bargain auch mit ihm ist nicht gut Kirschen essen

14. ein Gewerbe (zielbewusst) (be)treiben

15. einen Tunnel etc bohren, vortreiben

16. besonders Tennis, Golf: den Ball driven

C v/i

1. (dahin)treiben, (dahin)getrieben werden:

drive before the wind vor dem Wind treiben

2. rasen, brausen, jagen, stürmen

3. a) (Auto) fahren, chauffieren, einen oder den Wagen steuern

b) kutschieren:

can you drive? können Sie (Auto) fahren?;

he drove into a wall er fuhr gegen eine Mauer;

drive above the speed limit das Tempolimit überschreiten

4. (spazieren) fahren

5. sich gut etc fahren lassen:

my car drives easily

6. besonders Tennis, Golf: driven, einen Treibschlag spielen

7. zielen (at auf akk): → let¹ Bes Redew

8. ab-, hinzielen ( beide:

at auf akk):

what is he driving at? worauf will er hinaus?, was meint oder will er eigentlich?

9. schwer arbeiten (at an dat)

* * *
1. noun
1) Fahrt, die

a nine-hour drive, a drive of nine hours — eine neunstündige Autofahrt

have a long drive to work — eine lange Anfahrt zur Arbeit haben

2) (street) Straße, die

3) (private road) Zufahrt, die; (entrance to large building) Auffahrt, die

4) (energy to achieve) Tatkraft, die

5) (Commerc., Polit., etc.): (vigorous campaign) Aktion, die; Kampagne, die

export/sales/recruiting drive — Export- / Verkaufs- / Anwerbekampagne, die

6) (Psych.) Trieb, der

7) (Motor Veh.): (position of steering wheel)

left-hand/right-hand drive — Links-/Rechtssteuerung od. -lenkung, die

be left-hand drive — Linkssteuerung haben

8) (Motor Veh., Mech. Engin.): (transmission of power) Antrieb, der

front-wheel/rear-wheel drive — Front-/Heckantrieb, der
2. transitive verb,
drove, driven

1) fahren [Auto, Lkw, Route, Strecke, Fahrgast]; lenken [Kutsche, Streitwagen]; treiben [Tier]

2) (as job)

drive a lorry/train — Lkw-Fahrer/Lokomotivführer sein

3) (compel to move) vertreiben

drive somebody out of or from a place/country — jemanden von einem Ort/aus einem Land vertreiben

4) (chase, urge on) treiben [Vieh, Wild]

5) (fig.)

drive somebody to something — jemanden zu etwas treiben

drive somebody out of his mind or wits — jemanden in den Wahnsinn treiben

6) [Wind, Wasser:] treiben

be driven off course — abgetrieben werden

7) (cause to penetrate)

drive something into something — etwas in etwas (Akk.) treiben

8) (power) antreiben [Mühle, Maschine]

be steam-driven or driven by steam — dampfgetrieben sein

9) (incite to action) antreiben

drive oneself [too] hard — sich [zu sehr] schinden
3. intransitive verb,
drove, driven

1) fahren

in Great Britain we drive on the left — bei uns in Großbritannien ist Linksverkehr

drive at 30 m.p.h. — mit 50 km/h fahren

learn to drive — [Auto]fahren lernen; den Führerschein machen (ugs.)

can you drive? — kannst du Auto fahren?

2) (go by car) mit dem [eigenen] Auto fahren

3) [Hagelkörner, Wellen:] schlagen

clouds were driving across the sky — Wolken jagten über den Himmel

Phrasal Verbs:

- drive at

- drive away

- drive back

- drive off

- drive on

- drive out

- drive up

* * *

(computers) n.

Laufwerk -e n. n.

Antrieb -e m.

Aussteuerung f.

Drang ¨-e m.

Fahrt -en f.

Fahrweg -e m.

Schwung -¨e m.

Steuerung f.

Trieb -e m.

Triebwerk n. (sink) into the ground expr.

in den Boden bohren ausdr. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: drove, driven)

= ansteuern v.

antreiben v.

fahren v.

(§ p.,pp.: fuhr, ist/hat gefahren)

lenken v.

treiben v.

(§ p.,pp.: trieb, getrieben)

English-german dictionary > drive
10 Giffard, Baptiste Henry Jacques (Henri)

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace, Steam and internal combustion engines

[br]

b. 8 February 1825 Paris, France

d. 14 April 1882 Paris, France

[br]

French pioneer of airships and balloons, inventor of an injector for steam-boiler feedwater.

[br]

Giffard entered the works of the Western Railway of France at the age of 16 but became absorbed by the problem of steam-powered aerial navigation. He proposed a steam-powered helicopter in 1847, but he then turned his attention to an airship. He designed a lightweight coke-burning, single-cylinder steam engine and boiler which produced just over 3 hp (2.2 kW) and mounted it below a cigar-shaped gas bag 44 m (144 ft) in length. A triangular rudder was fitted at the rear to control the direction of flight. On 24 September 1852 Giffard took off from Paris and, at a steady 8 km/h (5 mph), he travelled 28 km (17 miles) to Trappes. This can be claimed to be the first steerable lighter-than-air craft, but with a top speed of only 8 km/h (5 mph) even a modest headwind would have reduced the forward speed to nil (or even negative). Giffard built a second airship, which crashed in 1855, slightly injuring Giffard and his companion; a third airship was planned with a very large gas bag in order to lift the inherently heavy steam engine and boiler, but this was never built. His airships were inflated by coal gas and refusal by the gas company to provide further supplies brought these promising experiments to a premature end.

As a draughtsman Giffard had the opportunity to travel on locomotives and he observed the inadequacies of the feed pumps then used to supply boiler feedwater. To overcome these problems he invented the injector with its series of three cones: in the first cone (convergent), steam at or below boiler pressure becomes a high-velocity jet; in the second (also convergent), it combines with feedwater to condense and impart high velocity to it; and in the third (divergent), that velocity is converted into pressure sufficient to overcome the pressure of steam in the boiler. The injector, patented by Giffard, was quickly adopted by railways everywhere, and the royalties provided him with funds to finance further experiments in aviation. These took the form of tethered hydrogen-inflated balloons of successively larger size. At the Paris Exposition of 1878 one of these balloons carried fifty-two passengers on each tethered "flight". The height of the balloon was controlled by a cable attached to a huge steam-powered winch, and by the end of the fair 1,033 ascents had been made and 35,000 passengers had seen Paris from the air. This, and similar balloons, greatly widened the public's interest in aeronautics. Sadly, after becoming blind, Giffard committed suicide; however, he died a rich man and bequeathed large sums of money to the State for humanitarian an scientific purposes.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Croix de la Légion d'honneur 1863.

Bibliography

1860, Notice théorique et pratique sur l'injecteur automoteur.

1870, Description du premier aérostat à vapeur.

Further Reading

Dictionnaire de biographie française.

Gaston Tissandier, 1872, Les Ballons dirigeables, Paris.

—1878, Le Grand ballon captif à vapeur de M. Henri Giffard, Paris.

W.de Fonvielle, 1882, Les Ballons dirigeables à vapeur de H.Giffard, Paris. Giffard is covered in most books on balloons or airships, e.g.: Basil Clarke, 1961, The History of Airships, London. L.T.C.Rolt, 1966, The Aeronauts, London.

Ian McNeill (ed.), 1990, An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology, London: Routledge, pp. 575 and 614.

J.T.Hodgson and C.S.Lake, 1954, Locomotive Management, Tothill Press, p. 100.

PJGR / JDS

Biographical history of technology > Giffard, Baptiste Henry Jacques (Henri)
11 day

dei
1. noun
1) (the period from sunrise to sunset: She worked all day; The days are warm but the nights are cold.) día

2) (a part of this period eg that part spent at work: How long is your working day?; The school day ends at 3 o'clock; I see him every day.) jornada

3) (the period of twenty-four hours from one midnight to the next: How many days are in the month of September?) día

4) ((often in plural) the period of, or of the greatest activity, influence, strength etc of (something or someone): in my grandfather's day; in the days of steam-power.) los tiempos de

•

- daybreak
- day-dream
2. verb
She often day-dreams.) soñar despierto

- daylight
- day school
- daytime
- call it a day
- day by day
- day in
- day out
- make someone's day
- one day
- some day
- the other day

day n día

the days are longer in summer en verano los días son más largos

what day is the party? ¿qué día es la fiesta?

some day algún día

the following day al día siguiente

the other day el otro día

these days hoy en día

day

tr[deɪ]

noun

1 (24 hours) día nombre masculino

■ in a few day's time dentro de unos días

2 (time between sunrise and sunset) día nombre masculino

■ it's been raining all day lleva lloviendo todo el día

■ how was your day? ¿qué tal tu día?

3 (period of work) jornada, día nombre masculino

■ we work an eight-hour day trabajamos una jornada de ocho horas

4 (period of success) día nombre masculino

■ he was very famous in his day fue muy famoso en su día

5 (period of time) época, tiempo

■ in my day... en mis tiempos...

plural noun days

1 (period) época, tiempos nombre masculino plural

■ in the old days antiguamente

■ the good old days los viejos tiempos

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

a nine days' wonder un prodigio efímero

any day now cualquier día de éstos

by day de día, durante el día

day after day día tras día

day and night día y noche

day by day día a día, de día en día

day in, day out todos los días

every day todos los días

every other day un día sí un día no, cada dos días

from one day to the next de un día para (el) otro

have a nice day! ¡que tengas un buen día!

in this day and age hoy (en) día

in those days en aquellos tiempos, en aquella época

it's all in a day's work todo forma parte del trabajo

that'll be the day cuando las ranas críen pelos

the day after tomorrow pasado mañana

on the following day al día siguiente

these days hoy en día

... to the day hoy hace exactamente...

to this day hasta el día de hoy

not to be my «(your, his, etc)» day no ser mi (tu, su, etc) día

somebody's/something's days are numbered tener alguien/algo los días contados

to be... if one's a day tener como mínimo... años

■ she's 50 if she's a day tiene como mínimo 50 años, no puede tener menos de 50 años

to call it a day dar algo por terminado

to carry the day / win the day prevalecer

to have had one's day haber pasado a la historia, haber pasado de moda

to be one of those days ser un día de aquéllos

to have one of those days tener un día de aquéllos

to make a day of it quedarse todo el día

to make somebody's day alegrarle la vida a alguien

day labourer jornalero,-a

day nursery guardería (infantil)

day off día libre

day of reckoning día nombre masculino del juicio final

day release sistema que permite a un,-a empleado,-a asistir a un curso un día de la semana

day return billete nombre masculino de ida y vuelta para el mismo día

day room sala comunal en hospitales etc

day school colegio sin internado

day shift turno de día

day trip excursión nombre femenino (de un día)

day ['deɪ] n

1) : día m

2) date: fecha f

3) time: día m, tiempo m

in olden days: intaño

4) workday: jornada f laboral

day

adj.

• diurno, -a adj.

n.

• día s.m.

• fecha s.f.

deɪ
noun

1) ( unit of time) día m

twice a day — dos veces al día

a three-day-old chick — un pollito de tres días

he's arriving in two days o in two days' time — llega dentro de dos días

he's forty if he's a day — tiene cuarenta años como poco

a nine days' wonder: the case was a nine days' wonder el interés en el caso duró lo que un suspiro; from day one — desde el primer momento

2) ( daylight hours) día m

all day — todo el día

we went to the beach for the day — fuimos a pasar el día a la playa

day and night — día y noche; happy 1) a), light I 1)

3)

a) ( point in time) día m

what day is (it) today? — ¿qué día es hoy?

every day — todos los días

every other day — un día sí y un día no, día por medio (CS, Per)

the day before — el día anterior

(on) the following day — al día siguiente

the day before yesterday — anteayer, antes de ayer

the day after tomorrow — pasado mañana

any day (now) — cualquier día de éstos

one day — un día

one of these days — un día de éstos

day after day — día tras día

day by day — día a día, de día en día

day in, day out — todos los días

from day to day — de día en día, día a día

from one day to the next — de un día para (el) otro

from this day on(ward) — de hoy or de ahora en adelante

it's 12 years to the day since we met — hoy hace exactamente 12 años que nos conocimos

to this day — hasta el día de hoy

it's not my/his day — no es mi/su día

that'll be the day — (colloq & iro) cuando las ranas críen cola

did you have a good/bad day? — ¿te fue or te ha ido bien/mal hoy?

have a good o nice day! — (esp AmE) que le vaya bien!

any day — (colloq)

caviar? I'd rather have a hamburger any day — ¿caviar? prefiero mil veces una hamburguesa

at the end of the day — a or en fin de cuentas, al fin y al cabo

to call it a day — ( temporarily) dejarlo para otro día; ( permanently) dejar de trabajar (or estudiar etc)

to make somebody's day — (colloq) alegrarle la vida a alguien

to save for a rainy day — ahorrar para cuando lleguen las vacas flacas

b) (specified day, date) día m

it's her day for doing the washing — hoy le toca lavar (la ropa) or (Esp) hacer la colada

c) ( working day) jornada f, día m

to take a day off (from) work — tomarse un día libre

4)

a) ( period of time) día m

up to the present day — hasta el día de hoy

the burning issues of the day — los temas candentes del día

in days gone by — (liter) antaño (liter)

in days to come — (liter) en días venideros (liter)

in days of old, in olden days — (liter) antaño (liter)

in the old days — antiguamente

the good old days — los viejos tiempos

in this day and age — hoy (en) día, el día de hoy

in those days — en aquellos tiempos, en aquella época

these days — hoy (en) día

those were the days! — qué tiempos aquéllos!

it's early days yet — (BrE) aún es pronto

to have seen o known better days — haber* visto tiempos mejores

b) (period of youth, success) (no pl) día m

your day will come — ya te llegará el día

he was the leading politician of his day — en su día fue el político de mayor influencia

to have had one's day: the steam engine has had its day — la locomotora de or a vapor ha pasado a la historia

c) days pl n ( lifetime) días mpl

to end one's days — acabar mis (or sus etc) días

his days are numbered — tiene los días contados

5) ( contest)

to carry o win the day — prevalecer*

to save the day: her quick thinking saved the day — su rapidez mental nos (or los etc) sacó del apuro

6) days (as adv)

to work days — trabajar durante el día

[deɪ]
1. N

1) (=24 hours) día m

what day is it today? — ¿qué día es hoy?

• he works eight hours a day — trabaja ocho horas al día

twice a day — dos veces al día

• the day after — el día siguiente

the day after tomorrow — pasado mañana

day after day — día tras día

• two days ago — hace dos días

• any day — un día cualquiera

any day now — cualquier día de estos

any old day * — el mejor día

• the day before — el día anterior

the day before yesterday — anteayer

the day before his birthday — la víspera de su cumpleaños

two days before Christmas — dos días antes de Navidad

• day by day — de un día para otro, de día a día (LAm)

• every day — cada día, todos los días

• one fine day — el día menos pensado

• on the following day — al día siguiente

• for days on end — durante días

• from day to day — de día en día

from one day to the next — de un día a otro

to live from day to day or from one day to the next — vivir al día

• day in day out — un día sí y otro también

• you don't look a day older — no pasan por ti los días, no pareces un día más viejo

• on the day everything will be all right — para el día en cuestión todo estará en orden

• one day — un día

• the other day — el otro día

every other day — un día sí y otro no

• some day — un día

• (on) that day — aquel día

that day when we... — aquel día en que nosotros...

• one of these days — un día de estos

• this day next week, this day week — (Brit) (de) hoy en ocho días

• 50 years ago to the day — (hoy) hace exactamente 50 años

- he's fifty if he's a day

- carry or win the day

- give sb his day in court

to make sb's day —

it made my day to see him smile — me hizo feliz verlo sonreír

- that'll be the day, when he offers to pay!
black 1., 6)
2) (=daylight hours, working hours) jornada f

to work an eight-hour day — trabajar una jornada de ocho horas

it's a fine day — hace buen tiempo hoy

• to work all day — trabajar todo el día

• a day at the seaside — un día de playa

• to travel by day, travel during the day — viajar de día

paid by the day — pagado por día

• good day! — ¡buenos días!

• to work day and night — trabajar día y noche

• a day off — un día libre

to take a day off — darse un día libre, no presentarse en el trabajo

• on a fine/wet day — un día bonito/lluvioso

• one summer's day — un día de verano

• day of reckoning — (fig) día m de ajustar cuentas

to work days — trabajar de día

- it's all in a day's work

- call it a day

let's call it a day — terminemos ya

3) (=period)

during the early/final days of the strike — durante los primeros/últimos días de la huelga

• it has seen better days — ya no vale lo que antes

• until my dying day — hasta la muerte

• it's early days yet — todavía es pronto

• the happiest days of your life — los mejores días de su vida

• in those days — en aquellos tiempos

in days to come — en días venideros

in this day and age, in the present day — hoy en día

in my day — en mis tiempos

in Queen Victoria's day — en la época de la reina Victoria

he was famous in his day — fue famoso en sus tiempos

• in the good old days — en los viejos tiempos

• these days — hoy en día

• those were the days, when... — esa fue la buena época, cuando...

• to this day — hasta el día de hoy

• in his younger days — en su juventud

to have had one's day —

he's had his day — pasó de moda, está acabado
dog 1., 1), time 1., 1)
2.

CPD

day bed N — (US) meridiana f

day boarder N — (Brit) (Scol) alumno(-a) m / f de media pensión

day boy N — (Brit) (Scol) externo m

day centre N — (Brit) centro m de día

day girl N — (Brit) (Scol) externa f

day job N — trabajo m habitual, ocupación f habitual

- don't give up the day job!

Day of Judgement N — día m del Juicio Final

day labourer, day laborer (US) N — jornalero m

day nurse N — enfermero(-a) m / f de día

day nursery N — guardería f

day one N —

• from day one — (=from the beginning) desde el principio or el primer día

• on day one — (=at the beginning) el primer día

day pass N — (for museum, train) pase m de un día; (at ski resort) forfait m de un día

day pupil N — (Brit) (at boarding school) alumno(-a) m / f externo(-a)

day rate N — (=daily rate) tarifa f diaria; (as opposed to night rate) tarifa f diurna

day release N —

• to be on day release — [prisoner] estar en régimen de prisión abierta

day release job N — (for prisoner) trabajo m fuera de la cárcel

day release course N — (Brit) (Comm, Ind) curso m de un día a la semana (para trabajadores)

day return (ticket) N — (Brit) billete m de ida y vuelta en el día

day school N — colegio m sin internado

day shift N — (in factory etc) turno m de día

day surgery N — cirugía f ambulatoria

day trader N — (Comm) operador que realiza operaciones de compraventa en el mismo día

day trip N — excursión f (de un día)

to go on a day trip to London — ir un día de excursión or (LAm) de paseo a Londres

day tripper N — excursionista mf

* * *
[deɪ]
noun

1) ( unit of time) día m

twice a day — dos veces al día

a three-day-old chick — un pollito de tres días

he's arriving in two days o in two days' time — llega dentro de dos días

he's forty if he's a day — tiene cuarenta años como poco

a nine days' wonder: the case was a nine days' wonder el interés en el caso duró lo que un suspiro; from day one — desde el primer momento

2) ( daylight hours) día m

all day — todo el día

we went to the beach for the day — fuimos a pasar el día a la playa

day and night — día y noche; happy 1) a), light I 1)

3)

a) ( point in time) día m

what day is (it) today? — ¿qué día es hoy?

every day — todos los días

every other day — un día sí y un día no, día por medio (CS, Per)

the day before — el día anterior

(on) the following day — al día siguiente

the day before yesterday — anteayer, antes de ayer

the day after tomorrow — pasado mañana

any day (now) — cualquier día de éstos

one day — un día

one of these days — un día de éstos

day after day — día tras día

day by day — día a día, de día en día

day in, day out — todos los días

from day to day — de día en día, día a día

from one day to the next — de un día para (el) otro

from this day on(ward) — de hoy or de ahora en adelante

it's 12 years to the day since we met — hoy hace exactamente 12 años que nos conocimos

to this day — hasta el día de hoy

it's not my/his day — no es mi/su día

that'll be the day — (colloq & iro) cuando las ranas críen cola

did you have a good/bad day? — ¿te fue or te ha ido bien/mal hoy?

have a good o nice day! — (esp AmE) que le vaya bien!

any day — (colloq)

caviar? I'd rather have a hamburger any day — ¿caviar? prefiero mil veces una hamburguesa

at the end of the day — a or en fin de cuentas, al fin y al cabo

to call it a day — ( temporarily) dejarlo para otro día; ( permanently) dejar de trabajar (or estudiar etc)

to make somebody's day — (colloq) alegrarle la vida a alguien

to save for a rainy day — ahorrar para cuando lleguen las vacas flacas

b) (specified day, date) día m

it's her day for doing the washing — hoy le toca lavar (la ropa) or (Esp) hacer la colada

c) ( working day) jornada f, día m

to take a day off (from) work — tomarse un día libre

4)

a) ( period of time) día m

up to the present day — hasta el día de hoy

the burning issues of the day — los temas candentes del día

in days gone by — (liter) antaño (liter)

in days to come — (liter) en días venideros (liter)

in days of old, in olden days — (liter) antaño (liter)

in the old days — antiguamente

the good old days — los viejos tiempos

in this day and age — hoy (en) día, el día de hoy

in those days — en aquellos tiempos, en aquella época

these days — hoy (en) día

those were the days! — qué tiempos aquéllos!

it's early days yet — (BrE) aún es pronto

to have seen o known better days — haber* visto tiempos mejores

b) (period of youth, success) (no pl) día m

your day will come — ya te llegará el día

he was the leading politician of his day — en su día fue el político de mayor influencia

to have had one's day: the steam engine has had its day — la locomotora de or a vapor ha pasado a la historia

c) days pl n ( lifetime) días mpl

to end one's days — acabar mis (or sus etc) días

his days are numbered — tiene los días contados

5) ( contest)

to carry o win the day — prevalecer*

to save the day: her quick thinking saved the day — su rapidez mental nos (or los etc) sacó del apuro

6) days (as adv)

to work days — trabajar durante el día

English-spanish dictionary > day
12 JET

I 1. noun
1) (stream) Strahl, der

jet of flame/steam/water — Feuer-/Dampf-/Wasserstrahl, der

2) (spout, nozzle) Düse, die

3) (aircraft) Düsenflugzeug, das; Jet, der; (engine) Düsentriebwerk, das
2. intransitive verb,
- tt-

1) (spurt out) [Wasser:] herausschießen ( from aus); [Gas, Dampf:] ausströmen ( from aus)

2) (coll.): (travel by jet plane) jetten (ugs.)
II noun
(Min.) Jett, der od. das; Gagat, der

* * *
I [‹et] noun, adjective
((of) a hard black mineral substance, used for ornaments etc: The beads are made of jet; a jet brooch.) der Gagat; Gagat-...

- academic.ru/103995/jet-black">jet-black
II [‹et]
1) (a sudden, strong stream or flow (of liquid, gas, flame or steam), forced through a narrow opening: Firemen have to be trained to direct the jets from their hoses accurately.) der Strahl

2) (a narrow opening in an apparatus through which a jet comes: This gas jet is blocked.) die Düse

3) (an aeroplane driven by jet propulsion: We flew by jet to America.) der Jet

•

- jet-lag
- jet-propelled
- jet propulsion
* * *

jet¹

[ʤet]

I. n

1. AVIAT [Düsen]jet m, Düsenflugzeug nt

2. (thin stream) Strahl m

\jet of air/gas [dünner] Luft-/Gasstrahl

\jet of flame Stichflamme f

3. (nozzle) Düse f

II. vi

<- tt->

mit einem Jet fliegen, jetten fam

she's \jetting in from New York tomorrow sie kommt morgen aus New York rüber

she's \jetting off to Jamaica on Friday sie jettet am Freitag nach Jamaica

jet²

[ʤet]

I. n no pl Gagat m, Jett m o nt, Pechkohle f

II. n modifier (earrings) Gagat-

* * *
I [dZet]
1. n

1) (of water, vapour) Strahl m

a thin jet of water — ein dünner Wasserstrahl

a jet of gas — (aus einer Düse) austretendes Gas

2) (= nozzle) Düse f

3) (= engine) Düsentriebwerk nt; (also jet plane) Düsenflugzeug nt, Jet m

2. vi

1) (water etc) schießen

2) (= go by jet) mit einem Düsenflugzeug fliegen

3) (US inf) abdüsen (inf)

I have to jet — ich muss jetzt weg attr (Aviat) Düsen-, Jet-

jet pilot — Jetpilot( in) m(f)
II
n (MINER)
Jet(t) m or nt, Gagat m
* * *

JET abk Joint European Torus (Kernfusionsanlage)

* * *
I 1. noun
1) (stream) Strahl, der

jet of flame/steam/water — Feuer-/Dampf-/Wasserstrahl, der

2) (spout, nozzle) Düse, die

3) (aircraft) Düsenflugzeug, das; Jet, der; (engine) Düsentriebwerk, das
2. intransitive verb,
- tt-

1) (spurt out) [Wasser:] herausschießen ( from aus); [Gas, Dampf:] ausströmen ( from aus)

2) (coll.): (travel by jet plane) jetten (ugs.)
II noun
(Min.) Jett, der od. das; Gagat, der

* * *

n.

Düsenflugzeug n.

Strahltriebwerk n. v.

ausstoßen v.

English-german dictionary > JET
13 jet

I 1. noun
1) (stream) Strahl, der

jet of flame/steam/water — Feuer-/Dampf-/Wasserstrahl, der

2) (spout, nozzle) Düse, die

3) (aircraft) Düsenflugzeug, das; Jet, der; (engine) Düsentriebwerk, das
2. intransitive verb,
- tt-

1) (spurt out) [Wasser:] herausschießen ( from aus); [Gas, Dampf:] ausströmen ( from aus)

2) (coll.): (travel by jet plane) jetten (ugs.)
II noun
(Min.) Jett, der od. das; Gagat, der

* * *
I [‹et] noun, adjective
((of) a hard black mineral substance, used for ornaments etc: The beads are made of jet; a jet brooch.) der Gagat; Gagat-...

- academic.ru/103995/jet-black">jet-black
II [‹et]
1) (a sudden, strong stream or flow (of liquid, gas, flame or steam), forced through a narrow opening: Firemen have to be trained to direct the jets from their hoses accurately.) der Strahl

2) (a narrow opening in an apparatus through which a jet comes: This gas jet is blocked.) die Düse

3) (an aeroplane driven by jet propulsion: We flew by jet to America.) der Jet

•

- jet-lag
- jet-propelled
- jet propulsion
* * *

jet¹

[ʤet]

I. n

1. AVIAT [Düsen]jet m, Düsenflugzeug nt

2. (thin stream) Strahl m

\jet of air/gas [dünner] Luft-/Gasstrahl

\jet of flame Stichflamme f

3. (nozzle) Düse f

II. vi

<- tt->

mit einem Jet fliegen, jetten fam

she's \jetting in from New York tomorrow sie kommt morgen aus New York rüber

she's \jetting off to Jamaica on Friday sie jettet am Freitag nach Jamaica

jet²

[ʤet]

I. n no pl Gagat m, Jett m o nt, Pechkohle f

II. n modifier (earrings) Gagat-

* * *
I [dZet]
1. n

1) (of water, vapour) Strahl m

a thin jet of water — ein dünner Wasserstrahl

a jet of gas — (aus einer Düse) austretendes Gas

2) (= nozzle) Düse f

3) (= engine) Düsentriebwerk nt; (also jet plane) Düsenflugzeug nt, Jet m

2. vi

1) (water etc) schießen

2) (= go by jet) mit einem Düsenflugzeug fliegen

3) (US inf) abdüsen (inf)

I have to jet — ich muss jetzt weg attr (Aviat) Düsen-, Jet-

jet pilot — Jetpilot( in) m(f)
II
n (MINER)
Jet(t) m or nt, Gagat m
* * *

jet¹ [dʒet]

A s

1. MINER Gagat m, Jet(t) m/n, schwarzer Bernstein

2. Jet(t)-, Tiefschwarz n

B adj

1. aus Gagat

2. jet(t)-, tiefschwarz

jet² [dʒet]

A s

1. (Wasser-, Dampf-, Gas- etc) Strahl m:

jet of flame Feuerstrahl, Stichflamme f

2. TECH Düse f, Strahlrohr n

3. a) → jet engine

b) FLUG Jet m, Düsenflugzeug n

B v/i

1. (heraus-, hervor)schießen ( from aus)

2. FLUG, MIL mit einem Jet fliegen, jetten

C v/t

1. ausstrahlen, -stoßen, -spritzen

2. an-, bespritzen ( beide:

with mit)

3. FLUG mit einem Jet fliegen oder befördern, jetten

* * *
I 1. noun
1) (stream) Strahl, der

jet of flame/steam/water — Feuer-/Dampf-/Wasserstrahl, der

2) (spout, nozzle) Düse, die

3) (aircraft) Düsenflugzeug, das; Jet, der; (engine) Düsentriebwerk, das
2. intransitive verb,
- tt-

1) (spurt out) [Wasser:] herausschießen ( from aus); [Gas, Dampf:] ausströmen ( from aus)

2) (coll.): (travel by jet plane) jetten (ugs.)
II noun
(Min.) Jett, der od. das; Gagat, der

* * *

n.

Düsenflugzeug n.

Strahltriebwerk n. v.

ausstoßen v.

English-german dictionary > jet
14 plant

1) установка; оборудование

2) агрегат; механизм; энергоблок

3) завод, фабрика, мастерская

4) электростанция

5) озеленять, сажать

•

plant and machinery register — реестр машин и оборудования (напр. строительной компании)

plant for technical ceramics and verified ceramics — установка для производства технической керамики и металлокерамики

plant for the preparation and transport of mastic asphalt — установка для подготовки и транспортировки литого асфальта

plant for the production of concrete polymer construction elements — установка для изготовления элементов из полимерного бетона

to reconstruct a plant — реконструировать завод

- accumulator plant
- activated sludge plant - aggregate batching plant - air-conditioning plant - air-supply plant - arc welding plant - asphalt plant - asphalt-mixing plant - asphalt preparation plant - asphalt-recycling plant - assembling plant - atomic power plant - automated concrete-mixing plant - automatic plant - batch plant - batch concrete mixing plant - batching plant - batch-weighing plant - biological treatment plant - bitumastic macadam mixing plant - bitumen-melting plant - bitumen-pumping plant - boiler plant - brick plant - facing brick plant - roof tile plant - brick-making plant - builder's plant - calcining plant - cement plant - central boiler plant - central mixing plant - chlorination plant - clarification plant - clay-drying plant - clay souring plant - coal grinding plant - coating plant - combined milling and burning plant - combined photovolcanic-deolian electric plant - compressor plant - concrete-mixing plant - concreting plant - construction plant - contractor's plant - crushing plant - crushing and screening plant - curing plants for the concrete block and precast concrete part industry - cutting plant - degreasing plant - desalination plant - diesel-engine power plant - disinfection plant - district heating plant - drying plant - earth freezing plant - earth-moving plant - effluent treatment plant - electric power plant - expanded clay plant - filter plant - final-screening plant - finish coat stacking and dry mixing mortar plant - fixed plant - flash-calcining plant - floating pile-driving plant - flotation plant - fuel-burning power plant - garbage-disposal plant - gas-fired plant - gravel plant - grinding wheel plant - grit-removal plant - heating plant - high head plant - hoisting plant - hydroelectric power plant - industrial plant - iron removal plant - light plant - lime-slaking plant - lime softening plant - loading plant - low head hydroelectric plant - manganese removal plant - milling plant - mixing plant - mixing plant and pavers for hydraulically bound base courses - mobile compressor plant - mobile concrete mixing plant - mobile crushing plant - mobile rock crushing and screening plant - mortar-mixing plant - multiple-arc welding plant - municipal sewage treatment plant - nuclear power plant - orbital power plant - ozone plant - ozone-ventilating plant - piling plant - pilot plant - placing plant - plaster plant - pontoon pile driving plant - portable compressor plant for painting work - power plant - primary treatment plant - proportioning plant - pump plant - pumping plant - pumped storage plant - purification plant - quarry plant - ready-mix plant - refrigerating plant - reverse osmosis plant - sand washing plant - sanitary ware plant - porcelain plant - secondary treatment plant - sedimentation plant - semi-mobile plant - semi-portable plant - sewage disposal plant - sewage pumping plant - sewage purification plant - sewage treatment plant - sintering plant - soil-mixing plant - solar plant - spraying plant - standby plant - steam plant - step-up plant - stoneware plant - tertiary plant - thermal power plant - tidal plant - tile-making plant - timber drying plant - tower-type concrete-mixing plant - transformer welding plant - travel plant - travelling mixing plant - treating plant - treatment plant - utility plant - vacuum-cleaning plant - vibration-rolled concrete plant - wall and floor tiles plant - washing plant - waste water treatment plant - water power plant - water softening plant - water treatment plant
* * *

1.   оборудование инженерных систем здания

2.   строительное оборудование (напр. землеройное, подъёмно-транспортное, для бетонных работ)

3.   установка; агрегат; энергоблок; технологическая установка [система] ( в инженерных системах зданий)

4.   электростанция

5.   завод, фабрика; мастерская
- acetylene producing plant
- activated sludge plant
- aeration plant
- aeration-degassing plant
- aggregate batching plant
- aggregate preparation plant
- air conditioning plant
- air handling plant
- air supply plant
- all-dry cement plant
- all-wet cement plant
- augering plant
- automatic batching plant
- bank-filtered river water plant
- barge-mounted concrete plant
- batch plant
- batch mixing plant
- biological treatment plant
- block-making plant
- block plant
- boiler plant
- booster pumping plant
- builder's plant
- builder's small powered plant
- cement plant
- central plant
- central air conditioning plant
- central air-handling plant
- central boiler plant
- central heating plant
- central refrigerating plant
- chemical feed plant
- chlorination plant
- civil-engineering plant
- coating plant
- cold-storage plant
- compressor plant
- computerized plant
- concentrating plant
- concrete plant
- concrete production plant
- concrete spouting plant
- concreting plant
- construction plant
- contact stabilization plant
- continuous-mix plant
- conveying plant
- cooling plant
- crushing plant
- desalination plant
- desalting plant
- disposal plant
- diversion power plant
- drying plant
- dust arrestor plant
- dust extracting plant
- earth moving plant
- electric plant
- exhaust plant
- extended aeration plant
- filter plant
- filtration plant
- floating concrete plant
- floating pile-driving plant
- flotation plant
- freezing plant
- gas plant
- gas-distribution plant
- gas washing plant
- generating plant
- grading plant
- heat generation plant
- heating plant
- heating water converter plant
- high-pressure air conditioning plant
- hydro-electric plant
- incineration plant
- indoor power plant
- industrial plant
- initial screening and washing plant
- lime softening plant
- low-head power plant
- low-level mixing plant
- low-pressure air conditioning plant
- manufacturing plant
- mechanical plant
- mixing plant
- mix-in-travel plant
- municipal treatment plant
- open-air plant
- open-air water power plant
- ozone plant
- package plant
- petrochemical plant
- piling plant
- placing plant
- power plant
- precast concrete plant
- precast plant
- proportioning plant
- pumping plant
- purification plant
- pyrolysis plant
- ready mixed concrete plant
- refrigerating plant
- refuse incineration plant
- refuse processing plant
- reinforcement cutting and bending plant
- river-run power plant
- river power plant
- road-making plant
- roadstone aggregate plant
- roof top plant
- screening plant
- secondary treatment plant
- sedimentation plant
- semioutdoor-type power plant
- sewage dispersal plant
- site mechanical plant
- sludge digestion plant
- sludge treating plant
- small powered plant
- solar plant
- spouting plant
- steam plant
- steam-power plant
- step-up plant
- structural steel plant
- tertiary plant
- tidal power plant
- transporting plant
- treatment plant
- vacuum dewatering plant
- ventilation plant
- volumetric batch plant
- washing and screening plant
- waste-disposal plant
- waste-heat utilization plant
- water-catchment plant
- water conversion plant
- water purification plant
- water softening plant
- water treatment plant
- weight batch plant
- zeolite water softening plant

Англо-русский строительный словарь > plant
15 Stephenson, George

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

[br]

b. 9 June 1781 Wylam, Northumberland, England

d. 12 August 1848 Tapton House, Chesterfield, England

[br]

English engineer, "the father of railways".

[br]

George Stephenson was the son of the fireman of the pumping engine at Wylam colliery, and horses drew wagons of coal along the wooden rails of the Wylam wagonway past the house in which he was born and spent his earliest childhood. While still a child he worked as a cowherd, but soon moved to working at coal pits. At 17 years of age he showed sufficient mechanical talent to be placed in charge of a new pumping engine, and had already achieved a job more responsible than that of his father. Despite his position he was still illiterate, although he subsequently learned to read and write. He was largely self-educated.

In 1801 he was appointed Brakesman of the winding engine at Black Callerton pit, with responsibility for lowering the miners safely to their work. Then, about two years later, he became Brakesman of a new winding engine erected by Robert Hawthorn at Willington Quay on the Tyne. Returning collier brigs discharged ballast into wagons and the engine drew the wagons up an inclined plane to the top of "Ballast Hill" for their contents to be tipped; this was one of the earliest applications of steam power to transport, other than experimentally.

In 1804 Stephenson moved to West Moor pit, Killingworth, again as Brakesman. In 1811 he demonstrated his mechanical skill by successfully modifying a new and unsatisfactory atmospheric engine, a task that had defeated the efforts of others, to enable it to pump a drowned pit clear of water. The following year he was appointed Enginewright at Killingworth, in charge of the machinery in all the collieries of the "Grand Allies", the prominent coal-owning families of Wortley, Liddell and Bowes, with authorization also to work for others. He built many stationary engines and he closely examined locomotives of John Blenkinsop's type on the Kenton \& Coxlodge wagonway, as well as those of William Hedley at Wylam.

It was in 1813 that Sir Thomas Liddell requested George Stephenson to build a steam locomotive for the Killingworth wagonway: Blucher made its first trial run on 25 July 1814 and was based on Blenkinsop's locomotives, although it lacked their rack-and-pinion drive. George Stephenson is credited with building the first locomotive both to run on edge rails and be driven by adhesion, an arrangement that has been the conventional one ever since. Yet Blucher was far from perfect and over the next few years, while other engineers ignored the steam locomotive, Stephenson built a succession of them, each an improvement on the last.

During this period many lives were lost in coalmines from explosions of gas ignited by miners' lamps. By observation and experiment (sometimes at great personal risk) Stephenson invented a satisfactory safety lamp, working independently of the noted scientist Sir Humphry Davy who also invented such a lamp around the same time.

In 1817 George Stephenson designed his first locomotive for an outside customer, the Kilmarnock \& Troon Railway, and in 1819 he laid out the Hetton Colliery Railway in County Durham, for which his brother Robert was Resident Engineer. This was the first railway to be worked entirely without animal traction: it used inclined planes with stationary engines, self-acting inclined planes powered by gravity, and locomotives.

On 19 April 1821 Stephenson was introduced to Edward Pease, one of the main promoters of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway (S \& DR), which by coincidence received its Act of Parliament the same day. George Stephenson carried out a further survey, to improve the proposed line, and in this he was assisted by his 18-year-old son, Robert Stephenson, whom he had ensured received the theoretical education which he himself lacked. It is doubtful whether either could have succeeded without the other; together they were to make the steam railway practicable.

At George Stephenson's instance, much of the S \& DR was laid with wrought-iron rails recently developed by John Birkinshaw at Bedlington Ironworks, Morpeth. These were longer than cast-iron rails and were not brittle: they made a track well suited for locomotives. In June 1823 George and Robert Stephenson, with other partners, founded a firm in Newcastle upon Tyne to build locomotives and rolling stock and to do general engineering work: after its Managing Partner, the firm was called Robert Stephenson \& Co.

In 1824 the promoters of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway (L \& MR) invited George Stephenson to resurvey their proposed line in order to reduce opposition to it. William James, a wealthy land agent who had become a visionary protagonist of a national railway network and had seen Stephenson's locomotives at Killingworth, had promoted the L \& MR with some merchants of Liverpool and had carried out the first survey; however, he overreached himself in business and, shortly after the invitation to Stephenson, became bankrupt. In his own survey, however, George Stephenson lacked the assistance of his son Robert, who had left for South America, and he delegated much of the detailed work to incompetent assistants. During a devastating Parliamentary examination in the spring of 1825, much of his survey was shown to be seriously inaccurate and the L \& MR's application for an Act of Parliament was refused. The railway's promoters discharged Stephenson and had their line surveyed yet again, by C.B. Vignoles.

The Stockton \& Darlington Railway was, however, triumphantly opened in the presence of vast crowds in September 1825, with Stephenson himself driving the locomotive Locomotion, which had been built at Robert Stephenson \& Co.'s Newcastle works. Once the railway was at work, horse-drawn and gravity-powered traffic shared the line with locomotives: in 1828 Stephenson invented the horse dandy, a wagon at the back of a train in which a horse could travel over the gravity-operated stretches, instead of trotting behind.

Meanwhile, in May 1826, the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway had successfully obtained its Act of Parliament. Stephenson was appointed Engineer in June, and since he and Vignoles proved incompatible the latter left early in 1827. The railway was built by Stephenson and his staff, using direct labour. A considerable controversy arose c. 1828 over the motive power to be used: the traffic anticipated was too great for horses, but the performance of the reciprocal system of cable haulage developed by Benjamin Thompson appeared in many respects superior to that of contemporary locomotives. The company instituted a prize competition for a better locomotive and the Rainhill Trials were held in October 1829.

Robert Stephenson had been working on improved locomotive designs since his return from America in 1827, but it was the L \& MR's Treasurer, Henry Booth, who suggested the multi-tubular boiler to George Stephenson. This was incorporated into a locomotive built by Robert Stephenson for the trials: Rocket was entered by the three men in partnership. The other principal entrants were Novelty, entered by John Braithwaite and John Ericsson, and Sans Pareil, entered by Timothy Hackworth, but only Rocket, driven by George Stephenson, met all the organizers' demands; indeed, it far surpassed them and demonstrated the practicability of the long-distance steam railway. With the opening of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway in 1830, the age of railways began.

Stephenson was active in many aspects. He advised on the construction of the Belgian State Railway, of which the Brussels-Malines section, opened in 1835, was the first all-steam railway on the European continent. In England, proposals to link the L \& MR with the Midlands had culminated in an Act of Parliament for the Grand Junction Railway in 1833: this was to run from Warrington, which was already linked to the L \& MR, to Birmingham. George Stephenson had been in charge of the surveys, and for the railway's construction he and J.U. Rastrick were initially Principal Engineers, with Stephenson's former pupil Joseph Locke under them; by 1835 both Stephenson and Rastrick had withdrawn and Locke was Engineer-in-Chief. Stephenson remained much in demand elsewhere: he was particularly associated with the construction of the North Midland Railway (Derby to Leeds) and related lines. He was active in many other places and carried out, for instance, preliminary surveys for the Chester \& Holyhead and Newcastle \& Berwick Railways, which were important links in the lines of communication between London and, respectively, Dublin and Edinburgh.

He eventually retired to Tapton House, Chesterfield, overlooking the North Midland. A man who was self-made (with great success) against colossal odds, he was ever reluctant, regrettably, to give others their due credit, although in retirement, immensely wealthy and full of honour, he was still able to mingle with people of all ranks.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, on its formation in 1847. Order of Leopold (Belgium) 1835. Stephenson refused both a knighthood and Fellowship of the Royal Society.

Bibliography

1815, jointly with Ralph Dodd, British patent no. 3,887 (locomotive drive by connecting rods directly to the wheels).

1817, jointly with William Losh, British patent no. 4,067 (steam springs for locomotives, and improvements to track).

Further Reading

L.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, Longman (the best modern biography; includes a bibliography).

S.Smiles, 1874, The Lives of George and Robert Stephenson, rev. edn, London (although sycophantic, this is probably the best nineteenthcentury biography).

PJGR

Biographical history of technology > Stephenson, George
16 Allen, John F.

SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines

[br]

b. 1829 England

d. 2 October 1900 New York (?), USA

[br]

English inventor of the Allen valve used on his pioneering high-speed engines.

[br]

Allen was taken to the United States from England when he was 12 years old. He became an engineer on the Curlew, a freight boat running between New York and Providence. A defect which caused the engine to race in rough weather led Allen to invent a new valve gear, but he found it could not be fitted to the Corliss engine. In 1856 he patented an improved form of valve and operating gear to reduce back-pressure in the cylinder, which was in fact the reverse of what happened in his later engines. In 1860 he repaired the engines of a New York felt-hat manufacturer, Henry Burr, and that winter he was introduced to Charles Porter. Porter realized the potential of Allen's valves for his idea of a high-speed engine, and the Porter-Allen engine became the pioneer of high-speed designs.

Porter persuaded Allen to patent his new valves and two patents were obtained in 1862. These valves could be driven positively and yet the travel of the inlet could be varied to give the maximum expansion at different cut-offs. Also, the valves allowed an exceptionally good flow of steam. While Porter went to England and tried to interest manufacturers there, Allen remained in America and continued work on the engine. Within a few years he invented an inclined watertube boiler, but he seemed incapable of furthering his inventions once they had been placed on the market. Although he mortgaged his own house in order to help finance the factory for building the steam engine, in the early 1870s he left Porter and built a workshop of his own at Mott Haven. There he invented important systems for riveting by pneumatic machines through both percussion and pressure which led into the production of air compressors and riveting machines.

[br]

Further Reading

Obituaries appeared in engineering journals at the time of his death.

Dictionary of American Biography, 1928, Vol. I, New York: C.Scribner's Sons. C.T.Porter, 1908, Engineering Reminiscences, New York: J.Wiley \& Sons, reprint 1985, Bradley, Ill.: Lindsay Publications (provides details of Allen's valve design).

R.L.Hills, 1989, Power from Steam. A History of the Stationary Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press (covers the development of the Porter-Allen engine).

RLH

Biographical history of technology > Allen, John F.
17 ST

1) Общая лексика: standards, Краткосрочный (short term)

2) Компьютерная техника: Secondary Table, Seek Time, Selectable Technology, Sequence Type, Shadow Technology, Show Type, State And The, space telescope

3) Американизм: Special Treatment

4) Спорт: Short Track, Snap Twist, Sports Technology, Spring Training

5) Военный термин: SEAL Team, Satellite Transmitter, Scientific/Technical, Self Test, Service Time, Ship Type, Short Tons, Siege Tank, Situation Time, Special Text, Standby Time, Strategic Task, Support Technical, Surveillance Test, scheduled training, scramble time, security troops, service telegram, service test, shipping ticket, signal training, simulator training, space technology, special test, special training, special troops, start time, static test, sticky type, strategic transport, superintendent of transportation, supply and transport, surface target, survivability test, survival time, system test

6) Техника: sample top, service testing, set-up time for batch, signaling tone, site team, sound telegraph, source term, space tracking, spaceborne telescope, speed transmitter, standard taper, star tracker, steam turbine, surge tank, synchronous transmission, target speed

7) Сельское хозяйство: sensation threshold

8) Шутливое выражение: Silly Twit

9) Математика: Subtraction Term, топология множеств (set topology)

10) Метеорология: Squall's Time

11) Железнодорожный термин: ST Rail System

12) Юридический термин: Silent Treatment

13) Бухгалтерия: Sub Total

14) Автомобильный термин: scan tool

15) Грубое выражение: Sex Toy, Soft Touch, Straight Tip, Stupid Things

16) Металлургия: Sound Trap

17) Политика: St. Lucia

18) Телекоммуникации: Signaling Terminal, Segment Type (DQDB, SMDS)

19) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Sudan), Saint Tome and Principe, Same Time, Sesotho, Sixteen Thirty, Sorting Tender (UK, part of RPO), Source/Type Code (MODS report abbreviation), Space Transport, Special Tooling, Staff Target, Standard Time, Strategic Transport, air, Street (Street Suffix), Summer Time, Support Tank, Surface Terminal, sawtooth, scientific and technical, self-testing, sidereal time, single-throw, single-tire, sounding tube, start, starting time, steam, strip-tin, surface transport, Staff Target (British Army; L; Land), (SLFTPG) self-tapping

20) Университет: Special Topics

21) Физика: State Transformation

22) Физиология: Esotropia, See And Treat, Sexually Transmitted, Shock therapy, Speech Therapy, Spontaneous Timed, Stage Of Disease, Stomach

23) Электроника: Special Technology, Special Tuning

24) Вычислительная техника: Schmitt trigger, Seagate technology, Segment Table / Type, Short Ton, Stream Protocol, Seagate Technology (HDD), Shared Tree (PIM, SPT, CBT, Multicast)

25) Нефть: seismic tomography, short thread, sidetrack, tensile strength, верхняя граница интервала, из которого взята проба (sample top), короткая резьба (short thread), самопроверка (self-test), эксплуатационные испытания (service test)

26) Биохимия: Skin Temperature

27) Гигиена: sanitary towel

28) Космонавтика: сао

29) Картография: steel truss

30) Транспорт: Semi Tread, Short Tread, Sign Type, Special Touring, Special Trailer, Special Transport, Sport Turismo, Sports Tourer, Sports Touring, Stadium Truck, Standard Touring, Standard Trailer, Station Timed, Street Thunder

31) Фирменный знак: Seagate Technologies, Sport Technologies, Stafford Tavares, Super Travel

32) СМИ: Segment Title, Skinhead Times, State This

33) Деловая лексика: Side Trip (Сокращение в электронном авиабилете)

34) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: short ton (2, 000 pounds or 0. 907 metric ton)

35) Нефтепромысловый: (sidetracking) бурение боковых стволов

36) Образование: Safe Toy, Show And Tell

37) Сетевые технологии: Subject To

38) Полимеры: standard temperature, surface tension

39) Программирование: Show Turtle, структурированный текст, Structured Text (стандартный язык программирования IEC 61131-3, см. также Robert W. Lewis; Karl-Heinz John; Bonfatti F.)

40) Автоматика: sensing tool, setup time for batch, synonymous term

41) Контроль качества: short-term

42) Океанография: Stratosphere-troposphere

43) Сахалин Ю: steam tracer

44) Химическое оружие: Structured text

45) Авиационная медицина: tactile sense

46) Безопасность: Screening Tool

47) Золотодобыча: концентрационный вибростол

48) Расширение файла: Scream Tracker Instrument library, Segment Table, Smalltalk language source code file (Little Smalltalk), Stamp (NeoPaint)

49) Нефть и газ: steel structure

50) Нефтеперерабатывающие заводы: паровая турбина/машина (steam turbine)

51) Имена и фамилии: Simon Tissot, Stuart Taylor

52) Баскетбол: перехват (сокр. от steal)

53) Уголь: Softening temperature

54) Должность: Sports Trainer, Story Teller

55) Чат: Struggler, Sub Topic, Such That

56) NYSE. SPS Technologies, Inc.

57) НАСА: Solar Terrestrial, Space Talk

58) Программное обеспечение: The Simulation Toolkit

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ST
18 St

1) Общая лексика: standards, Краткосрочный (short term)

2) Компьютерная техника: Secondary Table, Seek Time, Selectable Technology, Sequence Type, Shadow Technology, Show Type, State And The, space telescope

3) Американизм: Special Treatment

4) Спорт: Short Track, Snap Twist, Sports Technology, Spring Training

5) Военный термин: SEAL Team, Satellite Transmitter, Scientific/Technical, Self Test, Service Time, Ship Type, Short Tons, Siege Tank, Situation Time, Special Text, Standby Time, Strategic Task, Support Technical, Surveillance Test, scheduled training, scramble time, security troops, service telegram, service test, shipping ticket, signal training, simulator training, space technology, special test, special training, special troops, start time, static test, sticky type, strategic transport, superintendent of transportation, supply and transport, surface target, survivability test, survival time, system test

6) Техника: sample top, service testing, set-up time for batch, signaling tone, site team, sound telegraph, source term, space tracking, spaceborne telescope, speed transmitter, standard taper, star tracker, steam turbine, surge tank, synchronous transmission, target speed

7) Сельское хозяйство: sensation threshold

8) Шутливое выражение: Silly Twit

9) Математика: Subtraction Term, топология множеств (set topology)

10) Метеорология: Squall's Time

11) Железнодорожный термин: ST Rail System

12) Юридический термин: Silent Treatment

13) Бухгалтерия: Sub Total

14) Автомобильный термин: scan tool

15) Грубое выражение: Sex Toy, Soft Touch, Straight Tip, Stupid Things

16) Металлургия: Sound Trap

17) Политика: St. Lucia

18) Телекоммуникации: Signaling Terminal, Segment Type (DQDB, SMDS)

19) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Sudan), Saint Tome and Principe, Same Time, Sesotho, Sixteen Thirty, Sorting Tender (UK, part of RPO), Source/Type Code (MODS report abbreviation), Space Transport, Special Tooling, Staff Target, Standard Time, Strategic Transport, air, Street (Street Suffix), Summer Time, Support Tank, Surface Terminal, sawtooth, scientific and technical, self-testing, sidereal time, single-throw, single-tire, sounding tube, start, starting time, steam, strip-tin, surface transport, Staff Target (British Army; L; Land), (SLFTPG) self-tapping

20) Университет: Special Topics

21) Физика: State Transformation

22) Физиология: Esotropia, See And Treat, Sexually Transmitted, Shock therapy, Speech Therapy, Spontaneous Timed, Stage Of Disease, Stomach

23) Электроника: Special Technology, Special Tuning

24) Вычислительная техника: Schmitt trigger, Seagate technology, Segment Table / Type, Short Ton, Stream Protocol, Seagate Technology (HDD), Shared Tree (PIM, SPT, CBT, Multicast)

25) Нефть: seismic tomography, short thread, sidetrack, tensile strength, верхняя граница интервала, из которого взята проба (sample top), короткая резьба (short thread), самопроверка (self-test), эксплуатационные испытания (service test)

26) Биохимия: Skin Temperature

27) Гигиена: sanitary towel

28) Космонавтика: сао

29) Картография: steel truss

30) Транспорт: Semi Tread, Short Tread, Sign Type, Special Touring, Special Trailer, Special Transport, Sport Turismo, Sports Tourer, Sports Touring, Stadium Truck, Standard Touring, Standard Trailer, Station Timed, Street Thunder

31) Фирменный знак: Seagate Technologies, Sport Technologies, Stafford Tavares, Super Travel

32) СМИ: Segment Title, Skinhead Times, State This

33) Деловая лексика: Side Trip (Сокращение в электронном авиабилете)

34) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: short ton (2, 000 pounds or 0. 907 metric ton)

35) Нефтепромысловый: (sidetracking) бурение боковых стволов

36) Образование: Safe Toy, Show And Tell

37) Сетевые технологии: Subject To

38) Полимеры: standard temperature, surface tension

39) Программирование: Show Turtle, структурированный текст, Structured Text (стандартный язык программирования IEC 61131-3, см. также Robert W. Lewis; Karl-Heinz John; Bonfatti F.)

40) Автоматика: sensing tool, setup time for batch, synonymous term

41) Контроль качества: short-term

42) Океанография: Stratosphere-troposphere

43) Сахалин Ю: steam tracer

44) Химическое оружие: Structured text

45) Авиационная медицина: tactile sense

46) Безопасность: Screening Tool

47) Золотодобыча: концентрационный вибростол

48) Расширение файла: Scream Tracker Instrument library, Segment Table, Smalltalk language source code file (Little Smalltalk), Stamp (NeoPaint)

49) Нефть и газ: steel structure

50) Нефтеперерабатывающие заводы: паровая турбина/машина (steam turbine)

51) Имена и фамилии: Simon Tissot, Stuart Taylor

52) Баскетбол: перехват (сокр. от steal)

53) Уголь: Softening temperature

54) Должность: Sports Trainer, Story Teller

55) Чат: Struggler, Sub Topic, Such That

56) NYSE. SPS Technologies, Inc.

57) НАСА: Solar Terrestrial, Space Talk

58) Программное обеспечение: The Simulation Toolkit

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > St
19 st

1) Общая лексика: standards, Краткосрочный (short term)

2) Компьютерная техника: Secondary Table, Seek Time, Selectable Technology, Sequence Type, Shadow Technology, Show Type, State And The, space telescope

3) Американизм: Special Treatment

4) Спорт: Short Track, Snap Twist, Sports Technology, Spring Training

5) Военный термин: SEAL Team, Satellite Transmitter, Scientific/Technical, Self Test, Service Time, Ship Type, Short Tons, Siege Tank, Situation Time, Special Text, Standby Time, Strategic Task, Support Technical, Surveillance Test, scheduled training, scramble time, security troops, service telegram, service test, shipping ticket, signal training, simulator training, space technology, special test, special training, special troops, start time, static test, sticky type, strategic transport, superintendent of transportation, supply and transport, surface target, survivability test, survival time, system test

6) Техника: sample top, service testing, set-up time for batch, signaling tone, site team, sound telegraph, source term, space tracking, spaceborne telescope, speed transmitter, standard taper, star tracker, steam turbine, surge tank, synchronous transmission, target speed

7) Сельское хозяйство: sensation threshold

8) Шутливое выражение: Silly Twit

9) Математика: Subtraction Term, топология множеств (set topology)

10) Метеорология: Squall's Time

11) Железнодорожный термин: ST Rail System

12) Юридический термин: Silent Treatment

13) Бухгалтерия: Sub Total

14) Автомобильный термин: scan tool

15) Грубое выражение: Sex Toy, Soft Touch, Straight Tip, Stupid Things

16) Металлургия: Sound Trap

17) Политика: St. Lucia

18) Телекоммуникации: Signaling Terminal, Segment Type (DQDB, SMDS)

19) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Sudan), Saint Tome and Principe, Same Time, Sesotho, Sixteen Thirty, Sorting Tender (UK, part of RPO), Source/Type Code (MODS report abbreviation), Space Transport, Special Tooling, Staff Target, Standard Time, Strategic Transport, air, Street (Street Suffix), Summer Time, Support Tank, Surface Terminal, sawtooth, scientific and technical, self-testing, sidereal time, single-throw, single-tire, sounding tube, start, starting time, steam, strip-tin, surface transport, Staff Target (British Army; L; Land), (SLFTPG) self-tapping

20) Университет: Special Topics

21) Физика: State Transformation

22) Физиология: Esotropia, See And Treat, Sexually Transmitted, Shock therapy, Speech Therapy, Spontaneous Timed, Stage Of Disease, Stomach

23) Электроника: Special Technology, Special Tuning

24) Вычислительная техника: Schmitt trigger, Seagate technology, Segment Table / Type, Short Ton, Stream Protocol, Seagate Technology (HDD), Shared Tree (PIM, SPT, CBT, Multicast)

25) Нефть: seismic tomography, short thread, sidetrack, tensile strength, верхняя граница интервала, из которого взята проба (sample top), короткая резьба (short thread), самопроверка (self-test), эксплуатационные испытания (service test)

26) Биохимия: Skin Temperature

27) Гигиена: sanitary towel

28) Космонавтика: сао

29) Картография: steel truss

30) Транспорт: Semi Tread, Short Tread, Sign Type, Special Touring, Special Trailer, Special Transport, Sport Turismo, Sports Tourer, Sports Touring, Stadium Truck, Standard Touring, Standard Trailer, Station Timed, Street Thunder

31) Фирменный знак: Seagate Technologies, Sport Technologies, Stafford Tavares, Super Travel

32) СМИ: Segment Title, Skinhead Times, State This

33) Деловая лексика: Side Trip (Сокращение в электронном авиабилете)

34) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: short ton (2, 000 pounds or 0. 907 metric ton)

35) Нефтепромысловый: (sidetracking) бурение боковых стволов

36) Образование: Safe Toy, Show And Tell

37) Сетевые технологии: Subject To

38) Полимеры: standard temperature, surface tension

39) Программирование: Show Turtle, структурированный текст, Structured Text (стандартный язык программирования IEC 61131-3, см. также Robert W. Lewis; Karl-Heinz John; Bonfatti F.)

40) Автоматика: sensing tool, setup time for batch, synonymous term

41) Контроль качества: short-term

42) Океанография: Stratosphere-troposphere

43) Сахалин Ю: steam tracer

44) Химическое оружие: Structured text

45) Авиационная медицина: tactile sense

46) Безопасность: Screening Tool

47) Золотодобыча: концентрационный вибростол

48) Расширение файла: Scream Tracker Instrument library, Segment Table, Smalltalk language source code file (Little Smalltalk), Stamp (NeoPaint)

49) Нефть и газ: steel structure

50) Нефтеперерабатывающие заводы: паровая турбина/машина (steam turbine)

51) Имена и фамилии: Simon Tissot, Stuart Taylor

52) Баскетбол: перехват (сокр. от steal)

53) Уголь: Softening temperature

54) Должность: Sports Trainer, Story Teller

55) Чат: Struggler, Sub Topic, Such That

56) NYSE. SPS Technologies, Inc.

57) НАСА: Solar Terrestrial, Space Talk

58) Программное обеспечение: The Simulation Toolkit

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > st
20 Papin, Denis

SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors

[br]

b. 22 August 1647 Blois, Loire et Cher, France

d. 1712 London, England

[br]

French mathematician and physicist, inventor of the pressure-cooker.

[br]

Largely educated by his father, he worked for some time for Huygens at Ley den, then for a time in London where he assisted Robert Boyle with his experiments on the air pump. He supposedly invented the double-acting air pump. He travelled to Venice and worked there for a time, but was back in London in 1684 before taking up the position of Professor of Mathematics at the University of Marburg (in 1669 or 1670 he became a Doctor of Medicine at Angers), where he remained from 1687 to 1695. Then followed a period at Cassel, where he was employed by the Duke of Hesse. In this capacity he was much involved in the application of steam-power to pumping water for the Duke's garden fountains. Papin finally returned to London in 1707. He is best known for his "digester", none other than the domestic pressure-cooker. John Evelyn describes it in his diary (12 April 1682): "I went this Afternoone to a Supper, with severall of the R.Society, which was all dressed (both fish and flesh) in Monsieur Papins Digestorie; by which the hardest bones of Biefe itself, \& Mutton, were without water, or other liquor, \& with less than 8 ounces of Coales made as soft as Cheeze, produc'd an incredible quantity of Gravie…. This Philosophical Supper raised much mirth among us, \& exceedingly pleased all the Companie." The pressure-cooker depends on the increase in the boiling point of water with increase of pressure. To avoid the risk of the vessel exploding, Papin devised a weight-loaded lever-type safety valve.

There are those who would claim that Papin preceded Newcomen as the true inventor of the steam engine. There is no doubt that as early as 1690 Papin had the idea of an atmospheric engine, in which a piston in a cylinder is forced upwards by expanding steam and then returned by the weight of the atmosphere upon the piston, but he lacked practical engineering skill such as was necessary to put theory into practice. The story is told of his last trip from Cassel, when returning to England. It is said that he built his own steamboat, intending to make the whole journey by this means, ending with a triumphal journey up the Thames. However, boatmen on the river Weser, thinking that the steamboat threatened their livelihood, attacked it and broke it up. Papin had to travel by more orthodox means. Papin is said to have co-operated with Thomas Savery in the development of the lat-ter's steam engine, on which he was working c. 1705.

[br]

Further Reading

Charles-Armand Klein, 1987, Denis Papin: Illustre savant blaisois, Chambray, France: CLD.

A.P.M.Fleming and H.R.S.Brocklehurst, 1925, A History of Engineering.

Sigvar Strandh, 1979, Machines, Mitchell Beazley.

IMcN

Biographical history of technology > Papin, Denis

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См. также в других словарях:

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steam — ► NOUN 1) the hot vapour into which water is converted when heated, which condenses in the air into a mist of minute water droplets. 2) the expansive force of this vapour used as a source of power for machines. 3) momentum; impetus: the dispute… … English terms dictionary
steam — [stēm] n. [ME steme < OE steam, akin to Du stoom, WFris steam] 1. Obs. a vapor, fume, or exhalation 2. a) water as converted into an invisible vapor or gas by being heated to the boiling point; vaporized water: it is used for heating, cooking … English World dictionary
Travel Air 2000 — Un Travel Air 2000 conservé dans l Oregon Rôle Transport léger Constructeur … Wikipédia en Français
Steam — (st[=e]m), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Steamed} (st[=e]md); p. pr. & vb. n. {Steaming}.] 1. To emit steam or vapor. [1913 Webster] My brother s ghost hangs hovering there, O er his warm blood, that steams into the air. Dryden. [1913 Webster] Let the… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Travel Inn Space Valley — (Сан Жозе дус Кампус,Бразилия) Категория отеля: 4 звездочный отель Адрес: Av. Dr. Nels … Каталог отелей
Travel Air 2000, 3000 and 4000 — 2000, 3000, 4000, CW 14, Sportsman, Osprey Travel Air 4000, built in 1929, airworthy at Carlsbad, CA, in 2008 Rol … Wikipedia
Steam locomotive — A steam locomotive is a locomotive powered by steam. The term usually refers to its use on railways, but can also refer to a road locomotive such as a traction engine or steamroller.Steam locomotives dominated rail traction from the mid 19th… … Wikipedia
Travel Town Museum — The Travel Town Museum is a transport museum in Los Angeles, California.Travel Town was dedicated on December 14, 1952. The museum is open daily, except Christmas and has free admission.Located outdoors, in the expansive Griffith Park, the museum … Wikipedia
steam — I. noun Etymology: Middle English stem, from Old English stēam; akin to Dutch stoom steam Date: before 12th century 1. a vapor arising from a heated substance 2. a. the invisible vapor into which water is converted when heated to the boiling… … New Collegiate Dictionary

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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to travel by steam

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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to travel by steam

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